Petra

Petra was the capital of the Nabataeans, desert traders who grew rich on the incense routes and carved their tombs and temples straight into the sandstone. A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985, it is entered through the Siq, a winding canyon over a kilometre long whose walls close in overhead before opening suddenly onto the Treasury, Al-Khazneh.

Beyond lie the Street of Facades, a theatre cut into the rock, the Royal Tombs and, up a long stairway, the Monastery, Ad Deir, larger than the Treasury and far quieter. The main sights take a full day; two days let you explore at an easier pace.

Arrive at opening time for cool air and soft light in the Siq. Wear sturdy shoes, a hat and sunscreen, and carry water. Petra by Night, when the Siq and Treasury are lit by candles, runs on selected evenings.